{"id":12992,"date":"2021-09-10T14:38:08","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T09:08:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/medialit.in\/thevoices\/?p=12992"},"modified":"2021-09-10T14:40:32","modified_gmt":"2021-09-10T09:10:32","slug":"exoplanets-hycean-planets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medialit.in\/thevoices\/exoplanets-hycean-planets\/","title":{"rendered":"Life beyond human imagination"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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The question if we are are the only intelligent sentient beings in the universe has baffled mankind for millennia. The good news is, we might be closer to finding an answer to this mystery than we believe.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Astronomers at the University of Cambridge have identified a novel category of exoplanets (planets outside solar system), Hycean\u00a0planets,\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>as a potential\u00a0class of habitable planets with\u00a0\u201cmassive oceans and H<\/em><\/strong>2<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>-rich atmospheres.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Research authored by astronomers\u00a0Nikku Madhusudan, Anjali Piette, Savvas Constantinou\u00a0<\/em>from\u00a0Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge<\/em>\u00a0recently appeared in\u00a0The Astrophysical Journal.\u00a0<\/em>The research paper titled\u00a0\u2018<\/em>Habitability and biosignatures of Hycean Worlds\u2019<\/em><\/strong> has infused a fresh perspective to the pursuit of alien life.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Terms of the trail for alien life redefined<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

The hunt for alien life has primarily been about keeping an eye for mirror images of Earth in terms of density, temperature, and atmosphere. The results of such adventurism haven\u2019t been encouraging as out of the 4000 exoplanets discovered so far, only 24 are comparable to Earth in terms of habitability. The majority are ‘super-Earths or mini-Neptunes’ – planets between the sizes of Earth and Neptune. They are predominantly rocky or oceanic\/icy or anything in between.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"
Infographic by NK Jha (Info and Image source – NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Astronomers have recently shifted their focus more upon the forces conducive to life rather than the structural resemblance to blue planet<\/strong>. Due to this temperamental shift the spotlight shifts to the Hycean worlds. These set of planets emerge as an exciting prospect to be explored as a potential avenue of life which can be considered \u2018exotic\u2019 for the scientific community as it might exist in conditions totally different from those prevailing on Earth.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Previous research on such exoplanets such as Madhusudans\u2019s research on K2-18b had also confirmed the existence of liquid water at habitable temperatures beneath the hydrogen atmosphere of the planet. Now, it delves into the possibility of life inside the oceans of the atmospheric envelopes of hydrogen.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Hycean\u00a0world and habitability<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

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As per the research,\u00a0<\/em>\u201cA\u00a0Hycean\u00a0world would have a fully oceanic surface with no landmass and a substantial atmosphere dominated by Hydrogen, with habitable surface pressures and temperatures.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>Hycean planets, generally 2.5-4 times bigger than Earth, might be host to some kind of life, \u201cnecessarily aquatic\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0in nature, despite being\u00a0as hot as\u00a0<\/strong>200\u00baC<\/strong> and with an atmospheric pressure 1000 times that of Earth. <\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

A Hycean planet has a rocky core in the interior that is at least 10% by mass and is of Earth-like composition. The presence of atmospheric hydrogen would allow for a greenhouse effect, which would help ensure that the surface oceans remain liquid which is the most important criteria for a planet to qualify in a habitable zone \u2013 a stretch of space where the distance between exoplanets and the stars they revolve around is large enough to prevent water from evaporating but short enough to prevent freezing. <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Hycean\u00a0planets consists of a tidally-locked \u201cdark\u00a0Hycean<\/em>\u201d zone, where habitable conditions exist only on their permanent night sides as the side facing the planet\u2019s host star would be too hot to maintain water in liquid form. There\u2019s also the possibility of microbial oceanic life in the\u00a0 \u201ccold Hycean\u201d\u00a0 that receive little radiation from their stars and have icy shells.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

One significant factor affecting habitability is stellar activity and stellar winds.\u00a0Hycean\u00a0worlds stands apart in this context too owing\u00a0to\u00a0its large size. Research confirms\u00a0\u201cmore massive planets may be more robust to stellar activity owing to factors such as higher gravity, stronger magnetic moments, and thicker atmospheres.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

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\u00a0<\/strong>“We find that the larger radii and higher temperatures admissible for\u00a0Hycean\u00a0planets make these biomarkers more readily detectable in\u00a0Hycean\u00a0atmospheres compared to those of rocky exoplanets.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Biosignatures in\u00a0Hycean\u00a0worlds<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

The league of traditionally cherished biosignatures include\u00a0O2\u00a0<\/sub>,\u00a0O3\u00a0<\/sub>,\u00a0CH4\u00a0<\/sub>,\u00a0and N2<\/sub>O. But then past researches suggests that a number of less abundant molecules such as\u00a0Dimethysulfide\u00a0(DMS),\u00a0Dimethyldisulfide\u00a0(DMDS), Methanethiol (CH3<\/sub>SH), and\u00a0Carbonylsulfide\u00a0(OCS) which are known to have originated from metabolic processes by microbes in Earth\u2019s biosphere in its early years, may also qualify as biosignatures. Driven by the knowledge of species that have survived in the hydrogenous pockets of Earth\u2019s environment researchers have identified\u00a0DMS, CS<\/em>2\u00a0<\/sub><\/em>,\u00a0CH<\/em>3\u00a0<\/sub><\/em>Cl, OCS, and N<\/em>2\u00a0<\/sub><\/em>O<\/em>\u00a0as five prominent biomarkers in\u00a0Hycean\u00a0atmospheres as they are more traceable in\u00a0Hycean\u00a0atmospheres.\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Paper clarifies,\u00a0\u201cMicroorganisms on Earth are known to survive in H<\/em>2<\/sub><\/em>-rich environments including conditions. In the reducing conditions of the early Earth, molecules such as DMS, DMDS, OCS, and CS<\/em>2\u00a0<\/sub><\/em>may have been prominent biosignatures. Several of the typical biosignatures in Earth\u2019s present atmosphere are either not very abundant (e.g., O<\/em>2\u00a0<\/sub><\/em>and O<\/em>3<\/sub><\/em>)\u00a0<\/em>or not uniquely identifiable as biosignatures (e.g., CH<\/em><\/strong>4\u00a0<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>)\u00a0in H<\/em><\/strong>2\u00a0<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>-rich atmospheres.”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

The roads beyond<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

The telescopes in making, such as the\u00a0James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Extremely Large Telescope (ELT<\/strong>), would intensify the atmospheric explorations in the potential\u00a0Hyceans\u00a0but only with significant enhancement in investment of \u2018observation time\u2019.\u00a0Furthermore,\u00a0Hycean\u00a0worlds are made up of lighter molecules which are easier to detect with the technology available as of now.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

For now, the novel class of exoplanets has surely fueled up the Homo-sapien curiosity of tracing the biosignatures of life beyond the blues and greens of Earth. More importantly it suggests that the odds which were expected to inspire the rationale for non-sustenance of life, may be the odd hosts for life.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

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Unlike Earth-like planets,\u00a0Hycean\u00a0worlds might be dispersed throughout the galaxy.\u00a0 If Madhusudhan’s assertions are further stabilized, it won\u2019t only amplify our vision of alien life in space but would also reshape the way we place ourselves in the spectrum of life.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

The discovery of life forms in conditions considered absolutely non-conducive for any sentient life forms in the universe would open a new dimension to the understanding of our own existence as sentient beings.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The simple realization that we are not alone in the universal playground would lead to a tangential shift in our understanding of life, behavior and relationship dynamic not just with all possible alien life forms, but with all the life forms here on our planet.<\/p>\n\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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An artist impression of a Hycean Planet Ocean\nCredit: N Madhusudhan, Amanda Smith<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0<\/p>\n

Edited by: Raghujit S. Randhawa<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The question if we are are the only intelligent sentient beings in the universe has baffled mankind for millennia. The good news is, we might be closer to finding an answer to this mystery than we believe.  Astronomers at the University of Cambridge have identified a novel category of exoplanets (planets outside solar system), Hycean planets, as<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":13076,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[837,834,831,832,494,495,746,504,561],"ppma_author":[10],"class_list":{"0":"post-12992","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tech","8":"tag-alienlife","9":"tag-exoplanets","10":"tag-hycean","11":"tag-hyceanplanet","12":"tag-lets-break-the-silence","13":"tag-sojnms-2","14":"tag-sojnmsignou","15":"tag-thevoices-2","16":"tag-thevoicesignou"},"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nLife beyond human imagination - The Voices<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/medialit.in\/thevoices\/exoplanets-hycean-planets\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Life beyond human imagination - The Voices\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The question if we are are the only intelligent sentient beings in the universe has baffled mankind for millennia. The good news is, we might be closer to finding an answer to this mystery than we believe.  Astronomers at the University of Cambridge have identified a novel category of exoplanets (planets outside solar system), Hycean planets, as\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/medialit.in\/thevoices\/exoplanets-hycean-planets\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Voices\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/thevoices.ignou\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-09-10T09:08:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-09-10T09:10:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/medialit.in\/thevoices\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/photo_2021-09-10_14-34-07.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1023\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"913\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"NK Jha\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TheVoices_IGNOU\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TheVoices_IGNOU\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"NK Jha\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/medialit.in\\\/thevoices\\\/exoplanets-hycean-planets\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/medialit.in\\\/thevoices\\\/exoplanets-hycean-planets\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"nk\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/medialit.in\\\/thevoices\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9c8787ca1ca6cb3ea0528e99949fabe9\"},\"headline\":\"Life beyond human imagination\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-10T09:08:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-09-10T09:10:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/medialit.in\\\/thevoices\\\/exoplanets-hycean-planets\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1166,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/medialit.in\\\/thevoices\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/medialit.in\\\/thevoices\\\/exoplanets-hycean-planets\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/medialit.in\\\/thevoices\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/photo_2021-09-10_14-34-07.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"alienlife\",\"exoplanets\",\"hycean\",\"hyceanplanet\",\"Let's break the Silence\",\"SOJNMS\",\"sojnmsignou\",\"thevoices\",\"thevoicesignou\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Tech\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/medialit.in\\\/thevoices\\\/exoplanets-hycean-planets\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/medialit.in\\\/thevoices\\\/exoplanets-hycean-planets\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/medialit.in\\\/thevoices\\\/exoplanets-hycean-planets\\\/\",\"name\":\"Life beyond human imagination - 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